Biology: Sharpen Your Search

LOOK AT YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION

What is the role of pollination and pollinators in conservation in the Amazon? What is the question asking? Do you have any preexisting knowledge of the topic?

IDENTIFY ANY RESTRICTIONS
Look for information like locations, dates, demographics. These can be used as part of the searching or refining. 

What is the role of pollination and pollinators in conservation in the Amazon? 

IDENTIFY KEY CONCEPTS
Look for words and phrases that express the main ideas. 

What is the role of pollination and pollinators in conservation in the Amazon? 

USE SYNONYMS TO EXPAND RESULTS 

Using synonyms for search terms can retrieve additional relevant results.

E.g. Role = function, importance, contribution
 

Combine keywords and phrases with AND

By combining keywords and phrases with AND, we are search for both together. For example:

 pollination AND pollinators |  Amazon AND conservation

Expand a search with OR

Use OR to search for synonyms or broaden the search. Using OR produces results with either term. For example:

"Adenosine Triphosphate" OR ATP

Use NOT to exclude terms from your search results
Using NOT excludes results that you do not want included in your search, providing narrower results. I

fish NOT freshwater

REVIEW AND REFINE RESULTS

• Refine search results using database tools (e.g. date range, publication type, subject)
• Always refer to the specific assignment (Are there requirements for the number of review and research articles? Age of research?)
• Note “cited by” and “cited in” references to expand your resources
• Note subject terms and keywords in the article record - these can lead to additional ways to refine or revise your search

PHRASE SEARCH

To search an exact phrase, enclose the terms inside “quotation marks.” If the phrase is typed without quotation marks, the search results will include each word individually. This creates a massive number of irrelevant results. 

“natural selection” |  “cell cycle”  |  “acid base balance”

TRUNCATED SEARCH

Use an asterisk * to shorten a term to include variations. 

spectro* =  spectroscopy, spectroscopic, spectroscope, spectrometer. Not spectrum 

*Not every word is conducive for truncation. For example, stor* will return results with story, store, storm, and storage.

WILDCARD SEARCH

Wildcard searching uses a question mark ? to substitute for one letter. This is useful for maximizing searches with terms like wom?n, which will return results including woman and women. Another example: c?sium = cesium, caesium

CREATE A PERSONAL ACCOUNT

Create personal accounts in frequently used databases to save searches and schedule alerts for specific topics.

IT TAKES MORE THAN ONE SEARCH

Be patient and give yourself ample time to explore your topic in different ways and various databases.

LOOK OUT FOR MULTI-USE ACRONYMS

Acronyms that have more than one use can return large numbers of irrelevant results.

SST = Supersonic transport, Smart systems and technologies, sea surface temperature

DATABASE SEARCH TIPS

Databases have different rules related to searching. They will typically have an easily accessible guide and/or indicate when a particular search type in invalid.